大相撲というものは、現在広く行われている、いわいる近代スポーツとは毛色の違うものであるのはご承知だと思います。
そもそもの成り立ちかたなどが違うのでしょうが、では、実際に何が一番違っているのか、というと、公平性です。
近代スポーツはその根本の理念において、フェアネスというものを大切にしています。
同じ条件のもとで、双方がその伎倆を競いあい、勝敗を決める。これが西洋発祥の近代スポーツです。
対して日本の大相撲というものは、その根本において儀式なのでしょう。儀式とはつまり決まりごとのあるものです。決まりごとということは、スポーツの基準でいってしまえば、ありていにすいって八百長です。
戦前のアメリカ駐日大使だったジョセフ・グルーは知日家であり、また親日家でもあって、日本文化に理解があり、また愛した人でもありました。歌舞伎や能、水墨画なども好んだひとでしたが、ただ一つ、大相撲だけはその日記で酷評しており、試合(取り組み)前に塩を撒いたり、いったりきたり退屈なことをした挙げ句に、肝心の内容も本気とは思えないような力の入らないものだった、という意味のことを書き残しています。
歌舞伎やその他のものは日本文化として尊重して受け入れることができたけれども、相撲はボクシングやレスリングと同じ格闘技として観たからでしょう。
純粋に勝敗を決める格闘技とは違う、どちらかというと、力士どうしが協力して技の型を披露している、今のプロレスに近いものだということがわかっていれば、また、違う感想になっていたでしょう。(少なくともそれは日本の文化なのだ、と気付いたでしょうから、大使としての立場上からも、たとえ日記とはいえ、あれほどの酷評を残すことはなかったでしょう)
当時は平幕のものが本気で横綱だか大関に勝負を挑むなどということがそもそもなかったのではないでしょうか。その辺りは暗黙の了解というやつで横綱だか大関は危なげなく勝ち進み、千秋楽で最高位のもの同士が初めて本気の取り組みをする、といったものだったのではなかったでしょうか。(あくまでも推察ですが)
時代は下って、今は勿論、八百長というものは無いのでしょう。実際に上位陣も下位の力士によく負けてしまいます。しかし、伝統というか、名残りというものがあります。
例えば、立ち会いにおいて、下位の力士が横綱に張り手やかちあげをすることはありません。これは敬意をあらわす不文律であると同時に相撲社会は狭い社会なので、横綱に嫌われるようなことがあればいいろいろと不都合なこともあるのでしょう。いってみれば、一般の会社での上司、とはいえないまでも、同じ部署の力のある先輩とその後輩くらいの力関係はありそうです。
ただ、もう一つの不文律として、横綱も下位力士には張り手のような大人げないことはしない、ということもあります、本来は。白鵬が嫌われるのはこの不文律を破るからでもあります。
さらに重要なのは立ち会いのタイミングです。世の中競争のあるものは全て、機先を制したものが優位に立ちます。主導権を握るというやつです。
その中でも大相撲というのは、他のスポーツ、格闘技に比べて極めて短い時間で勝負がつくものであるので、それ、つまり、立ち会いを制することが極めて重要な競技です。しかしといっていいと思いますが、その重要な立ち会いは、それぞれが“呼吸をあわせて”立つ、という曖昧な基準でおこなわれています。
お互いが虚心なく立ち会いをあわせようとすれば、それは力士は皆さんプロフェッショナルですからそう難しいことではないと思います。しかしながら、これは勝負事ですので、少しでも自分が優位な立ち会いになるように、(しかしそれが長引いてあまり無様にはならないように)駆け引きがあるわけです。
ここでも一つ、不文律がありまして、下位のものは先に準備万端整えて、いつでも立ち合える形をとって上位のものをむかなくてはいけません
つまり、上位者、特に横綱は常に自分の呼吸で立ち合うことができるわけです。
これだけでも横綱には有利なことです。
大体は呼吸があうように、わかりやすいタイミングで立ち合うのでしょうが、ほんの一瞬、早く立つことも容易にできるわけです。これは相撲においては極めて大きい一瞬であります。白鵬が嫌われるもう一つのわけは、この駆け引きをあまりにもあからさまに、また、頻繁にやるからです。(また上手なのです)
しかし、白鵬も擁護されなければいけません。彼にとって、相撲はスポーツなのです。スポーツには厳格なルールがあり、公平性はそれで保証されるわけですが、反面、ルールの範囲内であれば何をしてもいいのがスポーツです。常勝白鵬といえども必死でやっていることは、他の力士と同じです。そのなかで、ルールの範囲内で知力を尽くしてやっていることを否定されても納得はできないでしょう。いくら日本の文化だと説明されても理解できないのではないでしょうか。
わたくしも白鵬の立ち居振る舞いに腹の立つことは多いのですけれども、しかししかし白鵬がいない場所はつまらないのです。最近は休場することが多くなっていますが、そうなって改めてその存在の大きさ、貴重さに気が付きます。
ひょっとすると自分が新しい相撲のルールをつくるのだという確信のもとにやっているのかもしれません。現役のときでないと出来ないことはあるでしょうから。確かに相撲界もまだまだ変わらなければならないことがありそうです。
しかしながら、こういう議論は無意味になる時代がきてしまうかもしれません。最近の期待の若手力士はほとんど日本人です。これはつまり、外国の若いスポーツ選手にとって、日本はもう魅力のある国ではない、はっきりいうと稼げない国になってしまったからかもしれません。昨今言われている日本の二流国化のあらわれなのかもしれません。
良き伝統と現代化を両立するのは大変なことだとは思いますが、日本経済が収縮していってしまうのならば、若いファンの獲得は当然として、他にできれば国際化に成功しないと、末は外国人観光客向けの見世物になりさがる。極端なようですが全くあり得ないシナリオではありません。
白鵬に対しても、批判だけではなく、その主張を聞き、真摯に受け止めるべきです。(是非はともかく派手なかちあげは、アメリカ人などは喜びそうではあります)また、他の外国人力士、また帰化された親方衆も声をあげるときなのかもしれません。
少なくともパワー・ハラスメントが鎮静化できればこれで一安心、安泰だ、とはなりません、残念ながら。
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